18K黄金手镯高弹性原因分析

为研究18K黄金手镯高弹性行为,采用弹性模量测试和微观组织观察等方法对样品进行分析。结果表明,合金中存在4种相,其中3种相AuCu、AuCu_3和Au3Cu为基体无序相(Au,Cu)原子有序化后的结果,有序相的含量达到70%。有序相的大量存在可能是合金弹性模量较高的一个原因。手镯表面与截面呈现不同的弹性模量,每种相存在着一定方向的织构,可能是影响手镯弹性模量各向异性的原因。     

多元醇法制备银纳米棒的放大试验影响因素研究

采用银晶种为引导剂,以高浓度硝酸银溶液为银源,乙二醇为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为盖帽剂,大规模制备银纳米棒。用扫描电镜,元素分析和X射线衍射对银纳米棒进行表征。结果表明,通过预加银晶种的方式替代添加金属盐类,最佳的反应条件为:搅拌速度为350 r/min,反应温度为160℃,硝酸银浓度不高于0.50 mol/L,采取体积放大6倍高浓度硝酸银制备银纳米棒时,需要提高银晶种的浓度为9.81 mmol/L,PVP/AgNO3摩尔比为1.3,该方法利用银晶种的引导作用,调控硝酸银的还原速度使之与银纳米棒的生长速度相匹配。     

冷加工制备医用铂钨丝材的研究

铂钨(PtW)合金是一种优良的生物医用材料,铂钨丝材可制成栓塞弹簧圈,用于治疗脑动脉瘤。由于铂钨属难熔合金,且开坯极易开裂。采用非自耗真空电弧熔炼方法制备铂钨合金铸锭,通过小变形量轧制并配以中间热处理,使铸锭发生塑性变形,结合后续的拉制及不同热处理工艺,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对微观组织进行观察,并研究铂钨合金丝材在不同热处理条件下的力学性能变化,成功制备出满足生物医用要求的铂钨超细丝材。     

Au-Cu-Ni 合金在铜基材表面的无氰电镀

采用亚硫酸盐体系在铜基材表面进行Au-Cu-Ni合金的电镀,研究了镀液中铜、镍浓度与镀层成分的关系。结果表明,镀液中铜、镍浓度较高时,Au-Cu-Ni合金镀层中的铜、镍含量也会增加。用金、铜和镍浓度分别为20、0.7和3.5 g/L的镀液电镀得到的Au-10.35Cu-2.50Ni合金镀层显微硬度(HV0.025)达到297,电阻率1.84,镀层光亮致密,耐腐蚀性好。镀层磨损量小,接触电阻变化值小且稳定,可满足高导电要求的滑动电连接器件的要求。     

超细片状银粉的制备技术研究进展

超细片状银粉比传统大尺寸银粉可更好地满足电子产品发展需求。对机械球磨法和化学还原法2种制备超细片状银粉方法进行了对比分析。球磨法产率高、成本低,但易引入杂质且技术指标难保持一致;化学法制备的银粉形貌粒径均一性高,但产率低。介绍了化学还原法的技术特点,对其生长机理进行了分析。提出对球磨工艺的深入研究,以及化学法中保持高品质银粉情况下提高反应体系浓度,是超细片状银粉制备技术的研究重点。     

Damage formation and suppression in rotary ultrasonic machining of hard and brittle materials: A critical review

Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) combines diamond grinding with small-amplitude tool vibration, to improve machining processes of hard and brittle materials. It has been successfully applied to the machining of a number of brittle materials from optical glasses to advanced ceramics as well as ceramic matrix composites. The emphasis of this literature review was on formation mechanism and suppression methods of machining induced damages that truly limit RUM machining efficiency improvement of brittle materials. In this review paper, material removal mechanism and cutting force modeling of RUM of brittle materials were presented, as well as all corresponding roles in the damage formation process. The critical processing capacity of RUM machine tools was described, which guarantees the RUM effectiveness and consequently constitutes the boundary condition of processing parameters determination. Formation mechanisms of edge chipping, tearing defects, subsurface damages, and their interactive effects were summarized. Advances in damage suppression methods were also described, including optimization of processing parameters, tool design of low damage, and other methods such as rotary ultrasonic elliptical machining.     

Role of phosphorus in nitrogen,phosphorus dual-doped ordered mesoporous carbon electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media

In this paper, we have investigated the role of phosphorus (P) in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus dual-doped carbon electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media with three samples prepared by varying the doping orders of N and P. Results show that the resultant N-POMC (first doped with P, then N) exhibits an outstanding activity for ORR in alkaline media. The mechanism leading to the improved activity is found to be associated with the orientation effect of the first doped P on the later doped N, by increasing the ratio of graphitic-N significantly. Furthermore, a portion of the first doped P can act as the doping sites and be replaced by the later doped N, called ‘self-sacrifice’ mode, which is confirmed by both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. However, this orientation effect cannot be observed in the other two dual-doped samples. In addition, experimental and DFT calculation also prove that the amount of graphitic-N is important in improving the activity for ORR. The doping strategy reported in this work is applicable to various co-doping systems in exploring the synergy effect of different dopants and improving activity for ORR.     

Olfactory responses of Stegobium paniceum to different Chinese medicinal plant materials and component analysis of volatiles

Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) is among the major pests of stored products, causing great damage to stored Chinese medicinal plant materials (CMPMs) in China. Effective control strategies are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to explore the role of volatile organic compounds in the host preference of S. paniceum. First, the olfactory behavioral responses of S. paniceum adults to volatiles from four CMPMs (Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, Gastrodia elata, and Peucedanum praeruptorum) were tested in Y-tube olfactometer experiments. Then, the volatile composition of these plant materials were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). S. paniceum showed significant preferences for volatiles from the four CMPMs, compared with clean air (CA). When S. paniceum was presented with choices among different CMPMs, it showed the strongest preference for P. notoginseng, followed by A. sinensis, then G. elata, and P. praeruptorum. GC-MS analysis identified 43, 34, 28 and 60 components in the volatile profiles of P. notoginseng, A. sinensis, G. elata, and P. praeruptorum, respectively. Falcarinol (14.4%), 3-n-butyl phthalide (78.7%), p-cresol (40.1%), and β-pinene (29.1%) were the most abundant components of the volatiles of P. notoginseng, A. sinensis, G. elata, and P. praeruptorum, respectively. The olfactory responses of S. paniceum to the four CMPMs demonstrated that host-related volatiles play an important role in the host-searching process by adult beetles. This information will be useful for the development of safe and effective trapping strategies for this pest.     

酶解-挤出复合工艺对高直链淀粉材料制备和性质的影响

以高直链淀粉为原料制备的淀粉基材料力学性质优良。但其熔融流变性差,挤出加工能耗高。本论文采用酶解-挤出复合工艺,考察了耐高温α淀粉酶对挤出环境的耐受性,以及酶加入量、挤出时间等参数对材料制备和性质的影响。结果表明,耐高温α淀粉酶在密炼机的挤出环境中依然有酶活力,能够促进淀粉颗粒的结构相变,从而降低单位机械能耗,缩短加工时间。具体而言,在0.25%的酶加入量下(淀粉干基重量),G50淀粉挤出加工的单位能耗下降了21%。但酶解也会造成分子链的降解,削弱材料性质。与空白材料相比,经酶解-挤出工艺的淀粉基材料,其拉伸强度降低了33%,断裂伸长率减少了83%。另一方面,耐高温α淀粉酶对G80淀粉挤出加工的影响不显著。上述结果表明,可以利用酶解-挤出复合工艺降低生产能耗,缩短加工时间,且酶解会提高淀粉的活性位点和反应效率,有利于淀粉的反应挤出。     

Temperature- and pH-sensitive core–shell nanogels as efficient carriers of doxorubicin with potential application in lung cancer treatment

Temperature- and pH-sensitive core–shell nanogels were prepared by one-pot soapless emulsion polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and 2-methacryloyloxy benzoic acid with the aid of a crosslinker (core) using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate as stabilizer (shell). The size of nanogels depended on the crosslinker used, being considerable smaller (around 100?nm) with the use of the acid-labile crosslinker 9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane (DVA). Doxorubicine (DOX) was loaded in nanogels with good efficiency. The empty nanogels were biocompatible for a lung cancer cell line (NCI-H1437), while the DOX-loaded, DVA-crosslinked nanogels resulted with efficient cytotoxicity for that cell line.